Xanadu (Shang-tu)

Xandu, a smaller city than Beijing, was the Mongols summer capital. The capital, located in inner Mongolia, was also referred to as K’ai-p’ing by Qublai. Qublai was Genghis (Chinggis) Khan’s grandson.  The summer capital was built to symbolize Qubilai as a ruler rather than as an invader. This site was also symbolic to Qublai for […]

Qaraqorm

Qaraqorm once stood magnificently at the heart of present-day Mongolia. Situated on the banks of the Orkhon River, Qaraqorm, the first permanent Mongol capital, was established by Ogodei  Khan (r. 1227-41). Unlike Ogodei’s father Chinggis Khan; who believed that the roaming conqueror most also rule on the move, Ogodei did not follow his father’s nomadic […]